Computer Fundamentals
In Shortcut*
* Computer is an electronic data processing device which operates on raw data as per the instructions to produce useful information.
* Hardware and Software are the two main components of the computer system.
* CPU perform all types of arithmetical and logical operations as well as controls the flow of information in every part of the computer. It is also called the brain of computer.
* Storage devices like, hard disk, floppy disk, CD, DVD, Ray disk, etc. are used to store the information permanently forlater use
* RAMand ROM are two types of electronic memories which are directly accessible to the CPU
* Data inside the computer is represented as string of o'sandi's called bits or binary digits.*
Cache is a high-speed electronic memory which is used to enhance the performance of the CPU.
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Test Time
A. Choose the correct option:
1. Computer is a/an device.
(a) electric
(b) light
(c) mechanical
(d) electronic [✓]
2. Microphone is an/a.......device.
(a) processing
(b) output
(C) memory
(d) Input [✓]
3. Primary memory is.........
(a) RAM & hard disc
(b) RAM & ROM [✓]
(C) ROM & hard disc
(d) only RAM
4 Combination of 8-bits is called:
(a) nibble
(b) kilobyte
(c) byte [✓]
(d) word
5. 1 GB (gigabyte) is equal to:
(a) 1024 byte
(b) 1024 KB
(c) 1024 MB [✓]
(d) 1 Kilobyte
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B. Fill in the blanks with the help of clue box:
Information / instruction. Random / Read
Hardware / Software. Bits / Number
RAM / Cache
1. The processed form of data is called ......
Ans: Instruction
2 Physical parts of computer are called ......
Ans: Hardware
3. RAM is also called ...... Access Memory.
Ans: Random
4. O's and 1's are called ...... used to represent data in the memory.
Ans: Random
5. ......... memory is used to enhance the CPU performance.
Ans: Cache
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. Write True or False:
1. Computer is an electronic device.
Ans: True
2. Software is not a necessary component of computer.
Ans: False
3. RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
Ans: True
4. ROM is a temporary memory.
Ans: False
5. Primary memory is cheaper than the Secondary memory.
Ans: False
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Answer the following questions:
1. How many bytes in one megabyte?
Ans: 1024 Kilobytes
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2. Name the high speed temporary memory of the computer system.
Ans: Cache is a high-speed electronic memory.
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3. Arrange the given memory units in ascending order: Gigabyte, Kilobyte, Byte, Terabyte, Nibble, Megabyte.
Ans: Nibble, Byto, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte,
Terabyte
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4. What is the expanded form of BITS?
Ans: Bit is an abbreviation of “Binary Digit”.
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5. What are the two major components of computer? Define them.
Ans: Every computer is composed of two basic components: hardware and software.
hardware includes the Physical features, which are every part that you can either see or touch, for example: monitor, case, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
The part that activates the physical components of the cs associated software.
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6. What is the difference between data and information?
Data: computer processes the raw information as per the instructions given to it. That raw information, which doesn't make much sense by itself, is called data.
Information: The data is processed as per the instructions, to give us useful output which is called information.
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7. Explain the use of system software in the computer.
Ans: System Software
System software is a set of programs that controls the working of your computer system. It acts like an interface between the user and the computer and it helps the
computer to understand user's problem, e.g., operating systems, device drivers, utilities, etc.
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8. Differentiate between Hardware and Software?
Ans: Hardware: Computer hardware means physical components of the computer like, input devices, output devices, processing devices, storage devices, etc. Hardware components can be seen and touched by the
user.
Software : Computer cannot work without the instructions from the user. Sets instructions which are used to perform a particular task by the computer is called a program. A set of programs is called a software. Unlike hardware components, you cannot see or touch the software.
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9. What do you understand by Cache memory?
Ans: Cache: It is a high-speed temporary memory where the most recently or most frequently accessed data can be stored to avoid having to reload from a slower storage medium. The CPU and hard disk frequently use cache. It is used to enhance the performance of the CPU.
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10. Ms. Karuna wants to take a hard copy of a document that she had typed in her Computer system. But she does not know the device she will use for this purpose. Suggest her device name and also tell her whether it is an input or output device.
Ans: Ms. Karuna can take a hard copy of the document through the printer. which is an output device.
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11. Raju has installed a 3D game in his system. He wants to play that game. Suggest him best suitable device that he will use for this purpose and also give reason why it is a best one?
Ans: Raju could use a joystick. It is the best in my opinion (though some people prefer keyboard) because it is a device made exclusively for playing games and has
several buttons dedicated to assign your desired functionalities for making the gameplay easier.
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One byte is too small to represent the memory of present-day computers. Therefore, higher units like, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Terabyte are used. Memory measurement units are: 1Kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes 1Megabyte (MB) 1024 Kilobytes 1Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Megabytes 1Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabytes 1Petabyte (PB) 1024 Terabytes
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