Introduction of past tense
Past tense:
The verb which has finished is called the verb of past tense.
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* Past TENSE:
There are four kinds of Past tense.
1. Past indefinite /simple Past tense.
2. Past Imperfect/continuous/progressive tense.
3. Past perfect tense.
4. Past perfect continuous tense.
* PAST INDEFINITE / SIMPLE PAST TENSE.
The verb which was uncertain in past is called the verb of simple past tense.
Symbol:-
Hindi sentences in which the verb ends with ta tha/ti thi/te the (ता था/ती थी/ते थे) , such sentences are translated into simple past tense.
Structure:-
Affirmative sentence :- S +V² + OW.
Example:-
I went to market.
Rahul went to market.
Negative:- S + didn't + V¹ + OW.
Example:-
I didn't write a letter.
The sun didn't rise in West.
Interrogative:- Did + S + V¹ + OW + ?
Example:-
Did I go to school.
Did Ramu go to school.
WH question:-
what / where / when / why + did + S + V¹ + OW +?
Example:-
why did you go to school.
Why did Sita sing a song.
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* PAST IMPERFECT/
CONTINUOUS/ PROGRESSIVE TENSE.
The verb which was incomplete in present is called the verb of past continuous tense.
Symbol:-
Hindi sentences in which the verb ends with raha tha / rahi thi / rahe the (रहा था/रही थी / रहे थे) continuous tense.
Structure:-
Affirmative sentence :- S + was/were +V⁴ + OW.
Note:- "was" with first person and third person singular number (I, He, She, It) and "were " with all the rest (We, You, They).
Example:-
I was writing a story.
You were watching the film.
Raghavendra was going to Delhi.
Negative:- S + was/were + not + V⁴ + OW.
I was not writing a story.
You were not watching the film.
Interrogative:- Was/Were + S + V⁴ + OW +?
Was I writing a story?
Were you watching the TV?
WH question:- what / where / when / why + Was/Were + S + V⁴ + OW +?.
What was your name?
Why were you going to school?
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* PAST PERFECT
The verb whitch had just been completed in past is called the verb of past perfect tense.
Symbol:-
Hindi sentences in which the verb ends with Chuka hai / Chuki tha / Chuke thi / Aa tha / I thi / E the (चुका था/चुकी थी/आ था/ई थी/ ऐ थे) , such sentences are translated into Past perfect tense.
Structure:-
Affirmative sentence :- S + had + V³ + OW.
Example:-
They had eaten sweets.
Raghavendra had exchanged the laptop.
Negative:- S + had + not + V³ + OW.
I had not watched film.
He had not written story.
Interrogative:- Had + S + V³ + OW +?
Had I watched film?
Had he written story?
WH question:- what / where / when / why + Had + S + V³ + OW +?
Why had you goen to school?
Note:- For/since is also used with past perfect tense.
* He had not ridden a bicycle since his childhood.
उसने बचपन से साइकिल नहीं चलाई थी।
* What had eaten since morning?
उसने सुबह से क्या खाया था?
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* PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:-
The verb which had been continue long.... time from past to past is called the verb of past perfect continuous tense..
Symbol:- Hindi sentences in which the verb ends with ta raha tha /ti rahi thi / te rahe the (ता रहा था/ ती रही थी/ते रहे थे ), such sentences are translated into Past continuous tense.
Note 1:- If the sentence contains a word indicating time, then "for"/"since" is used before that word.
Note:- If the sentence has a word denoting time and at the end of the sentence ta rha tha / ti rahi thi / te rhe the / rhi thi / rhe thr(ता रहा था / ती रही थी /ते रहे थे /रही थी /रहे थे),So "for"/"since" is used before that word.
* For refers to periods of time,
Example:- 3 years, 4 hours, ages, a long time, months, years.
* Since refers to point-in-time,
Example:- 1995, 2 o'clock, 4:30 am, April, Monday
Structure:-
Affirmative sentence :-
S + had + been +V⁴ + OW.
Note:- Sentences in which the verb began in the past to past and is still continuing or has just ended. for/since is used with that.
Example:-
Sita had been waiting.
They had been reading.
I had been writing a story for 2 days.
Raghavendra had been running since morning.
Negative:-
S + had + not + been +V⁴ + OW.
Example:-
Sita had not been waiting.
They had not been reading.
I had not been writing a story for 2 days.
Raghavendra had not been running since morning.
Interrogative:- had +S + been +V⁴ + OW?
Example:-
Had Raghavendra been running since morning.
Had I been writing a story for 2 days.
Had they been reading.
Had Sita been waiting.
WH question:- what / where / when / why + had + S + V⁴ + OW +?
Example:-
Why Had Raghavendra been running since morning.
Where had I been writing a story for 2 days.
What had they been reading.
Why had Sita been waiting.
......... Note ............
1.Use of Is/are/am
When hun/ hai / hain ( हूं/है/हैं) is used as the main verb at the end of a Hindi sentence, then am/is/are is used according to the subject of the sentence.
Example:-
I am poor.
we are rich.
you are healthy.
she is beautiful.
2.Use of was/were
When tha / thee / the is used as the main verb at the end of a Hindi sentence, then was/were is used according to the subject of the sentence.
Example:-
I was happy.
we were ready.
you were tired.
Ram was farmer.
3. Use of Shall be / Will be
When Ga / Ge / Gay is used as a main verb at the end of a Hindi sentence, and it is clear from the meaning of the sentence that the given situation will remain in the future temporarily, then Shall be / will be used in the sentence according to the subject.
Example:-
I shall be happy.
We shall be happy.
They will be honest.
Sita will be a nurse.
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