ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE
The change inform of verb according to either subject or object of the sentence is called voice.
( Transitive verbs are used with a direct object and Intransitive verbs are used without a direct object.)
* A Transitive Verb has two voices - Active Voice and Passive voice.
1. Active voice: when the verb is according to the subject of sentence, It is called active voice
Example:
He writes a letter.
I am reading a book.
The Verb 'writes' and 'am reading' are in the Active Voice and 'He' and 'I' are the 'doers' of
actions. A Verb is said to be in the Passive voice when the Subject of the Verb is acted upon.
2. Passive voice: when the verb is according to the objective of sentence, it is called passive voice.
Example:
A letter is written by him.
A book is being read by me.
The Verbs is 'written' and 'is being read' are in the Passive Voice and the Subjects of the Verbs ('a letter' and 'a book') are acted upon.
Basic rules:
1. Find the subject, verb and object.
2. Convert object into subject.
3. Use suitable helping verb with subject.
4. Convert the main verb into third form.
5. Use preposition "by"
Not: These tenses cannot convert into passive voice.
Present perfect continuous tense
Past perfect continuous tense
Future continuous tense
Future perfect continuous tense
Not: When the pronoun is used as the object then pronoun remains in object.
Nominative case --- Objective case
I --- me We --- us
You --- you He --- hem
She --- her It --- it
They --- them Who --- whom
Change the voice:
* Simple present and simple past:
[Sub (o) + is/are/am/was/were + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: She prints the notice in college.
Passive: The notice is printed by har in college.
Active: He spoke truth in class.
Passive: truth was spoken by him in the class.
* Present continuous and past continuous
[Sub (o) + is/are/am/was/were + being + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: he is eating fruit in morning.
Passive: fruit is being eaten by him in morning.
Active: Raunak was playing football at playground.
Passive: football was being played by Raunak at playground.
* Present perfect and past perfect
[Sub (o) + have/has/had + been + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: I have finished the work.
Passive: - The work has been finished by me.
Active: Ram had completed the work.
Passive: The work had been completed by Ram.
* Simple future
[Sub (o) + shall/will + be + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: We shall discuss the matter tomorrow
Passive: The matter will be discussed tomorrow.
* Future perfect tense
[Sub (o) + shall/will + have been + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: I shall have written the book.
Passive: The book will have been written
* Modal Verbs: Passive Form
Shall, will, can, could, may, might, should, would, mast, ought etc are modal verbs.
* 1. Sub (o) + modal verb + be + 3rd form + Object (S).
Example:
Active: They will kill the bird.
Passive: The bird will be killed by them.
Active: They could solve the problem.
Passive: The problem could be solved.
Active: I can lift it.
Passive: It can be lifted by me.
Active: You must help your brother.
Passive: your brother must be helped.
* 2. Sub (o) + modal verb + have been + 3rd form + Object (S)]
Active: we shall have discussed the matter.
Passive: the matter will have been discussed.
Active: I could have beaten her.
Passive: she could have been beaten by me.
Active: you must have done that.
Passive: That must have been done by you.
Active: Somebody must have taken my watch when the light was off.
Passive: My watch must have been taken when the light was off.
*3. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice.
1. I shall have finished the work by then.
2. They will not have visited the Taj.
3. Will he have given her the pen?
4. She will not have invited us.
5. We shall have done nothing.
6. Will the doctor have examined him?
* Modal Auxiliaries
(modal auxiliary + be + Past Participle)
1. He can win a prize.
A prize can be won by him.
2. You may take this pen.
This pen may be taken by you.
3. You could hit the ball.
The ball could be hit by you.
4. They must help you.
You must be helped by them.
5. We should serve our country.
Our country should be served by us.
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